Microalgae are single-celled organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. These tiny heroes play a crucial role in our battle against climate change.
They are among the oldest forms of life on Earth. They can live in many different natural environments, from rivers and lakes to the open oceans. Scientists have found more than 30,000 species of microalgae so far.
Why are microalgae good for the planet?
Like plants, these organisms capture carbon dioxide using photosynthesis. Most microalgae use sunlight to change carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds while releasing oxygen.
For many species of microalgae, this process is very efficient. That is how they help reduce the greenhouse gases that drive climate change. Certain species can convert carbon dioxide at rates 10 to 50 times higher than those of land-based plants.
This efficiency is thanks to several reasons.
Microalgae have a special way of packing extra carbon dioxide in their cells. This allows the cells to convert more carbon dioxide from their surroundings.
Microalgae also grow quickly. Some species can double their numbers in a few hours. They also have a high ratio of surface area to volume. This helps them efficiently exchange gas and nutrients.
What can scientists do with microalgae?
Microalgae can live in diverse places. They can even be grown to fight climate change without taking up farmland.
Researchers are making photobioreactors to grow microalgae and use their ability to capture carbon. These systems help the microalgae grow by shielding them from contaminants and controlling the temperature, pH, light and nutrients.
Microalgae also have a wide range of uses (see graphic). They can be used as food for animals. Certain species can be made into eco-friendly biofuels. This could become a carbon-neutral option to fossil fuels. They can also be used to make biofertilisers that are better for our planet.
These tiny organisms show nature’s ability to solve environmental challenges.
Find out more about these organisms at the Hong Kong Science Museum’s new exhibition, “Living Tech Gallery”. Here, you can explore more living technologies that are transforming our world.
Young Post has partnered with Hong Kong Science Museum and Hong Kong Space Museum to encourage your pursuit of science. Every month, the museums answer questions about the world around us, the cosmos and beyond.
