In Wadi el Gemal, a nature reserve and national park in Egypt, swimmers share a glistening bay with sea turtles. But a shadowy tourism deal is threatening one of the Red Sea’s final wild shores and the endangered green turtles’ habitat.
Just off Ras Hankorab beach in Marsa Alam, the tourist town in southeastern Egypt on the western shore of the Red Sea, green sea turtles weave between coral gardens. Marine biologists call these corals some of the most resilient to climate change in the world.
By night, during nesting season, the sea turtles crawl ashore under the Milky Way’s glow, undisturbed by artificial lights. So when heavy construction excavators rolled onto the sand in March, the reserve’s staff and conservationists sounded the alarm.
Thousands signed a petition to “Save Hankorab” after discovering a contract between an unnamed government entity and an investment company to build a resort.
The environment ministry – which has jurisdiction over the park – protested, and construction was halted and the machinery quietly removed. But months later, parliamentary requests for details have gone unanswered, and insiders say the plans remain alive.
A push for Red Sea tourism
“Only certain kinds of tourism development work for a beach like this,” said Mahmoud Hanafy, a marine biology professor and scientific adviser to the Red Sea governorate. “Noise, lights, heavy human activity – they could destroy the ecosystem.”
Hankorab sits inside Wadi el Gemal National Park, a protected area since 2003. The UN Development Programme (UNDP) describes it as home to “some of the last undisturbed natural beaches on the Southern Red Sea coast.”
Now, it is caught between environmental protection and Egypt’s urgent push for investment. Egypt, mired in its worst economic crisis in decades, is betting big on its 3,000 kilometres of coastline as a revenue source.
A $35 billion deal with the United Arab Emirates to develop Ras el Hekma – a Bedouin village on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt – set the tone, and similar proposals for the Red Sea have followed.
In June, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi allocated 174,400 sq km (67,300 square miles) of Red Sea land to the finance ministry to help cut public debt.
Tourism is the main form of employment in the Red Sea, and the area is key to Cairo’s plan to attract 30 million visitors by 2028, double today’s numbers. But the UNDP had already warned as early as 2019 that Egyptian tourism growth had “largely been at the expense of the environment”.
Since then, luxury resorts and gated compounds have spread along hundreds of kilometres, displacing communities and damaging fragile habitats.
“The goal is to make as much money as possible from developing these reserves, which means destroying them,” said environmental lawyer Ahmed al-Seidi. “It also violates the legal obligations of the nature reserves law.”
No guarantees
At Hankorab, Hanafy said the core problem is legal.
“The company signed a contract with a government entity other than the one managing the reserve,” he said.
If true, Seidi said, the deal is “null and void”. When construction was reported in March, Maha Abdel Nasser, a member of the House of Representatives of Egypt, sought answers from the environment ministry and the prime minister – but received none.
At a subsequent meeting, officials could not identify the company behind the project, and no environmental impact report was produced.
Construction is still halted, “which is reassuring, at least for now”, Abdel Nasser said. “But there are no guarantees about the future.”
For now, the most visible change is a newly built gate marked “Ras Hankorab” in Latin letters. Entry now costs 300 Egyptian pounds (HK$48 or US$6) – five times more than before – with tickets that do not name the issuing authority.
An employee who started in March recalls that before the project, there were “only a few umbrellas and unusable bathrooms”. Today, there are new toilets, towels and sun loungers, with a cafe and restaurant promised soon.
The legal and environmental uncertainty remains, leaving Hankorab’s future – and the management of one of Egypt’s last undisturbed Red Sea beaches – unresolved.
